In the Corner of the World – Struggles of the modern Maori

Over the next few weeks here at Gadling, we’ll be bringing you updates from our recent travels across New Zealand – in the process, we hope to offer a range of perspectives about what visiting this truly unique and fascinating country is all about. You can read previous entries HERE.

After more than 24 hours of travel, I arrived in Auckland, New Zealand. It was the longest amount of time that I had ever spent en route to a destination and the farthest that I had ever been from home. I was on the opposite side of the planet from my life in New York and experiencing the South Pacific for the first time. And I couldn’t shake one really odd feeling: The people here sure don’t look like Pacific Islanders. It seemed like everyone was white, spoke the Queen’s English and had created their own Little Britain. Maori people are grossly outnumbered by their colonial countrymen and their existence is markedly different. People of Maori decent currently make up only 15% of New Zealand’s population and they lag behind their European counterparts in crucial areas such as unemployment rates, literacy and health. This upset me and I wanted to learn more.

It seemed strange that people would travel all the way to New Zealand, snap photos of Maori meeting houses and war canoes and then leave without learning anything about modern Maori life. Troubled by how limited my interaction with Maori was while I was in New Zealand, I decided to retroactively learn more about the troubles that have befallen the population. What I learned was disheartening though not surprising given the country’s colonial history.
I scoured the website of Statistics New Zealand, the government’s official statistics department, for more information on the state of the Maori population. While the country is located in a far corner of the world, a distinction that inspired the name of this Gadling feature, it is growing whiter every year. Maori population growth is slowing at an alarming rate. Contributing to this is the average Maori life expectancy, which is about seven years less than the non-Maori population. Similarly, the gap between Maori and non-Maori mortality rates is growing.

Many of the Maori I did see in New Zealand were working in blue collar, unskilled positions. According to Statistics New Zealand,

Among the full-time employed, a higher proportion of Māori than non-Māori were employed in occupations with lower median incomes, for example, as sales and service workers, plant and machinery operators and in elementary occupations. In contrast, a lower proportion of Māori were employed as legislators, administrators and managers, professionals or technicians and associate professionals, occupations with higher median incomes. Māori were one and a half times more likely than non-Māori to be employed as trades workers and plant and machinery operators than legislators, administrators and managers.

This can be partially explained by the low literacy rates of the Maori. A recent survey described by Statistics New Zealand showed that close to three-fourths of Maori had literacy skills that were below the aptitude necessary to handle the “complex demands of everyday life and work.”

As a result of these low literacy rates and high proportion of Maori in low income jobs, more than 30% of Maori are in the lowest quartile of ranked incomes. While the non-Maori population sees a more even distribution of their population in the four household income quartiles, Maori are over-represented in the bottom two income quartiles.

Perhaps even more troubling is the representation of Maori in New Zealand’s prisons. Despite making up only 15% of the total population, close to 50% of New Zealand’s incarcerated prisoners are Maori according to the Department of Corrections.

By no means am I sharing these statistics to paint the Maori in an unflattering light. To the contrary, I seek only to illustrate how colonization drastically affects native people. The Treaty of Waitangi, which I touched upon briefly in an earlier post, has always been a point of contention between the Maori and the European settlers, and many argue that it was not properly explained to the Maori at the time of ratification. Regardless, since colonization, Maori culture has been marginalized and, to a degree, celebrated only for tourism purposes.

I loved my visit to New Zealand. And so did my Gadling cohorts Grant and Jeremy. The landscape is beautiful and the people are some of the friendliest I have ever met. But it was a reminder that traveling is more than just seeing sites and taking photos. We should learn about other cultures as we explore the world. And, as I looked around this remote corner of the world, I felt like it shouldn’t be so white. But that’s the truth in any place where colonization has occurred.

For better or for worse, Europeans spread their cultures across the globe centuries ago. But we should never forget the native cultures that existed before colonization and struggle to maintain their identities today. That is evident in the United States, as well, where Native Americans also face challenges with unemployment, literacy rates and health issues. These problems are not unique to New Zealand but, for some reason, I noticed them more there than any other place I have traveled.

Maybe I just feel as if, after 24 hours on a plane to a far-flung locale, that I should have had a far less seamless transition. I wanted a bit of culture shock. I wanted to feel as if I was far from home. But, at the end of the day, New Zealand kind of felt like Hawaii and Vermont had a baby and England adopted it. I guess I wanted something more untouched. But maybe that doesn’t exist anymore.

Read more of Gadling’s In the Corner of the World series here.

Record foreign travel spending in 2008, unlikely to continue

Records were broken last year. International visitors to the United States spent $142.1 billion on travel and tourism-related activities (including traveling to and within the country), according to preliminary U.S. Department of Commerce statistics. This is up 16 percent from 2007 – which was a record-setting year, as well.

Visitors spent $110.5 billion on travel and tourism-related goods and services in 2008, a 14 percent increase year-over-year. This includes food, lodging, recreation, gifts and entertainment. They spent another $31.6 billion on travel using U.S. carriers and vessel operators, a 24 percent spike from 2007.

Last year’s success was driven largely by spending early in the year, as international visitors to the United States took advantage of a weak U.S. dollar and generally robust financial conditions. Toward the end of 2008, of course, market conditions turned, setting the tone for 2009. In the fourth quarter, travel and tourism spending by international visitors fell 10 percent, and preliminary data for the beginning of this year indicates a tough market to come (which isn’t exactly a secret).

Travel and tourism spending by visitors from outside the country accounted for 8 percent of all U.S. exports last year – not to mention 26 percent of services exports. This makes travel and tourism the country’s top services export. Travel and tourism exports grew faster than imports y a ratio of 2:1 in 2008 and constituted more than 20 percent of the total U.S. services sector trade surplus.

Spending by visitors from the United Kingdom and Canada grew most in hard dollar terms ($2.5 billion each), followed by Germany ($1.3 billion), France ($1.2 billion) and Italy ($1 billion). In percentage terms, Italy and France led the world, with its visitors spending 38 percent more in 2008 than in 2007. Argentina, the Netherlands and China turned in solid increases, as well – 32 percent, 32 percent and 31 percent, respectively. Of all the countries reported, only Argentina, Hong Kong, Japan, South Africa and Taiwan did not set visitor spending records.

The top five international markets for U.S. travel and tourism exports were: Canada at $18.7 billion, United Kingdom at $17.5 billion, Japan at $15.1 billion and Germany at $6.5 billion.

The trend is likely to come to a close this year, given the pressure of a worldwide financial crisis and the resurgence of the U.S. dollar. The travel industry is expected to shed more than 200,000 jobs in the United States this year, and the many travel deals available tell the rest of the story.

Buckle up; it’s going to be a rough year for the travel industry.

Travel to U.S. up in 2008, down in October

Buoyed by the first part of the year, international travel to the United States was up 7 percent for the first 10 months of 2008. According to the U.S. Department Commerce, 43 million people visited the country. For the month of October, though, travel was down 2 percent, at 4 million.

But, those who came spent a lot more. International visitors dropped $11.9 billion last October, up 7 percent relative to October 2007. For the entire year, our guests pumped $120.3 billion into our economy. The dollar may be slumping, but clearly it takes more than a currency swing to keep people from checking into our hotels.

So, where did this money come from?

Well, Canadians played a greater role, with the number of our northern neighbors heading south increasing by 10 percent. The United Kingdom sent fewer people to the United States this year (-5 percent), but Germany, Italy and France delivered-up 19 percent, 27 percent and 28 percent, respectively. Spain, Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland were pretty good to us as well.

Though travel to Asia is likely to decline in the coming year, travel from the region (to the United States at least) is sending mixed signals. South Korean visitors are down slightly, but the number of people trekking from China jumped 26 percent. Japan, which accounts for 52 percent of all Asian visitors to the United States, is down 7 percent year-over-year.

Are you a travel stats junkie? Click here to take a closer look at the data.

People still coming to U.S., spending money

Over the first nine months of the year, 39 million people visited the United States from abroad, according to the U.S. Department of Commerce. In September alone, we had 4.1 million guests. International is still up 8 percent from the first nine months of 2007, but September visits were flat year-over-year. This probably means that the rising dollar is slamming tourists from Europe, making them less interested in us.

Apparently, they only like us when their money is worth more.

It’s cool, as long as they spend like sailors on shore leave, which they did. Through September, visitors to the United States from foreign countries dropped almost $110 billion – up a mind-blowing 22 percent from 2007. Seriously! Financial crisis be damned! Europeans have money, and they know how to put it to work!

More Canadians, so far, have come this year (+12 percent), and more of them took planes. Fewer Mexicans visited the United States, as well, but Western Europe more than compensated. The number of tourists posing in Times Square while listening to David Hasselhoff on their iPods was up 17 percent. Almost half of all visitors from abroad were from Western Europe. Most of them were Germans (+20 percent), French (+28 percent), and Italians (+29 percent). There were 28 percent more Russian tourists, too.

Are you a stats geek? Get the rest of the story straight from the Department of Commerce.

India and now Korea: more toilet talk

India isn’t the only country having toilet summits; one is going to kick off in Korea on November 21. This one takes a special twist though as it encourages people to open their homes in the name of improving world hygiene — according to the UN about 2.5 billion people live without proper toilet facilities.

To commemorate the General Assembly of the World Toilet Association in Korea and to amplify his call for toilet sanitation, former Korean Mayor Sim Jae-Duck has demolished his own house and constructed a US$1.6 million house in the shape of a loo. Before he moves in, the house can be stayed in for a rent of US$50,000 a night and proceeds will go into building toilets for those who cannot afford them.

In the West, toilets and toilet paper are taken for granted and people complain about the dog poo they occasionally step into. In India, the government lets out pigs into the street to eat people’s excretion — there’s just so much of it.

In some villages of say 300 people, residents share one toilet. Hard to contemplate huh.

People crap isn’t the only problem, cows crap in the main streets too. That cow-dung we actually use as manure and fuel to cook on. It’s even splat onto walls of houses in villages where electricity is unaffordable, to keep them cool in scorching summers.

I think I don’t need to elaborate further on how unhygienic things can get from lack of toilets and sanitation facilities. I’m really happy that nations are collaborating to think of solutions for this massive problem.

[Via AFP]